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#biologisch

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Sozialwelten

#Studie über #Bedingungen, unter denen die #Übertretung #soziale​r #Norm​en als #Normalität, statt als #Abweichung zu #begreifen ist.

#Normalität als eine #kulturell​e #Reaktion oder #Evolution im #Unterschied zu einer #psychisch​en oder #biologisch​en und im #Unterschied zu #kulturell​er #Devianz.

#Anomietheorie #Anomie

Robert K. #Merton - #Social #Structure and Anomie; #American #Sociological #Review: Vol. 3, No. 5 (Oct., 1938), pp. 672-682, S.627

There persists a notable tendency in sociological theory to attribute the malfunctioning of social structure primarily to those of man's imperious biological drives which are not adequately restrained by social control. In this view, the social order is solely a device for "impulse management" and the "social processing" of tensions. These impulses which break through social control, be it noted, are held to be biologically derived. Nonconformity is assumed to be rooted in original nature. Conformity is by implication the result of an utilitarian calculus or unreasoned conditioning. This point of view, whatever its other deficiences, clearly begs one question. It provides no basis for determining the nonbiological conditions which induce deviations from prescribed patterns of conduct. In this paper, it will be suggested that certain phases of social structure generate the circumstances in which infringement of social codes constitutes a "normal" response.
Fußnote 2: "Normal" in the sense of culturally oriented, if not approved, response. This statement does not deny the relevance of biological and personality differences which may be significantly involved in the incidence of deviate conduct. Our focus of interest is the social and cultural matrix; hence we abstract from other factors. It is in this sense, I take it, that James S. Plant speaks of the "normal reaction of normal people to abnormal conditions." See his Personality and the Cultural Pattern, 248, New York, 1937.
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